Linking integrity with road pricing cause-and-effect model: A system dynamics simulation approach

With Malaysia's rapid urbanisation and continuous improvement of living standards, vehicle ownership trip volume continue to grow. Increases in motor traffic large cities their environs result a number social, environmental, economic issues, which are frequently attributable the widespread use automobiles as primary mode urban transportation. This exacerbates congestion on country's highways, particularly areas such Kuala Lumpur. poses an ongoing threat sustainability transport development. Thus, by using system dynamics, this study establishes cause-and-effect relationship regarding implementation road pricing tool for reducing stepping stone enhancing sustainability. Road is direct charge assessed drivers who network with goal private vehicles during peak hours. The developed Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) composed five subsystems: congestion, attractiveness, new construction, public transportation, pricing. all encounter mutual reinforcement variety negative polarities. As result, authorities should place greater emphasis these loopholes, they will inevitably unexpected changes. Additionally, incorporating holistic perspectives from previous works experts field, CLD can aid identifying factors underlying problem being studied. In future work, be extended next stage SD model, dubbed stock-flow-diagram (SFD).